Hospitals

Sparta General Hospital

PROJECT DETAILS

City
Sparta
Country
Greece
Customer
Stavros Niarchos Foundation
Architectural design
RPBW Renzo Piano Building Workshop
Period
2018-2023
Amount of works
64.000.000 €
Services Provided
Structure Design | BIM
Sector
Hospitals
Dimensions
22,000 square meters
Construction technique
reinforced concrete, glued laminated timber, X-Lam, steel

A new hospital in the Peloponnese

Sul pendio di una collina, circondato dalla vegetazione, sorgerà il nuovo Sparta General Hospital, uno dei tre progetti di edilizia sanitaria affidati all’Arch. Renzo Piano dall’organizzazione filantropica Stavros Niarchos Foundation, in coordinamento con il governo greco. Una struttura in stretto dialogo con il contesto naturale circostante anche sotto il profilo terapeutico, dotata di una copertura di pannelli fotovoltaici che garantiscono un approvvigionamento energetico da fonti rinnovabili.

A new hospital in the Peloponnese

Sul pendio di una collina, circondato dalla vegetazione, sorgerà il nuovo Sparta General Hospital, uno dei tre progetti di edilizia sanitaria affidati all’Arch. Renzo Piano dall’organizzazione filantropica Stavros Niarchos Foundation, in coordinamento con il governo greco. Una struttura in stretto dialogo con il contesto naturale circostante anche sotto il profilo terapeutico, dotata di una copertura di pannelli fotovoltaici che garantiscono un approvvigionamento energetico da fonti rinnovabili.

Three hospitals for a national project

Stavros Niarchos Foundation, a philanthropic organization that funds projects in the fields of art, culture, education, health and social welfare, has commissioned Arch. Renzo Piano to design three new facilities for the national health system of the Hellenic Republic. Following a memorandum of understanding signed with the Greek government, the health system will thus be implemented through three facilities built by means of the highest criteria of efficiency, sustainability and innovation: two general hospitals, in Komotini and Sparta, and a new university children's hospital, in Thessaloniki.

A number of common principles guided the design of the three complexes, beginning with the centrality accorded to the individual and the attention paid to the natural context in which they will be integrated. The three facilities will be immersed in environments that, in addition to allowing users to benefit from the therapeutic properties of nature, will also allow optimal use of natural light and ventilation in all areas of the buildings. Architecturally, the designs of the three hospitals are united by the presence of wooden structures, glulam columns and beams supporting X-Lam floors.

In the hills overlooking Sparta.

Il nuovo Sparta General Hospital si compone di un unico volume, articolato su sei livelli – di cui tre interrati – disposto in parallelo all’edificio del vecchio ospedale. La collocazione della struttura sul pendio di una collina garantisce agli utenti dell’ospedale una vista panoramica sulla città sottostante, di cui godranno in particolare i pazienti, i visitatori e il personale del dipartimento di salute mentale. Questi ultimi potranno beneficiare anche di un giardino con accesso limitato, mentre è prevista la creazione di spazi verdi terapeutici appositamente sviluppati per la riabilitazione di pazienti con disabilità sensoriali.

 

In generale, l’edificio sarà immerso nel verde della vegetazione circostante, per poterne sfruttare al meglio le proprietà terapeutiche. Come nel caso delle altre due strutture di Salonicco e Komotini, infine, anche la nuova struttura ospedaliera di Sparta è progettata per massimizzare lo sfruttamento dell’energia solare, grazie ai pannelli fotovoltaici posizionati su tutta la superficie della copertura.

The role of nature and the use of wood

Among the elements that the three hospitals designed by Arch. Renzo Piano for the Stavros Niarchos Foundation have in common is their attention to the natural environment in which they are located and integrated: a detail that translates first and foremost into the careful use of renewable energy resources and respect for the principles of energy and social sustainability. The use of natural light and ventilation, for example, finds application both in public spaces and in inpatient rooms. Moreover, as in the Asklepeion, the healing temple of ancient Greece, this triple intervention also places nature in a therapeutic role in the patient's rehabilitation process.

Dal punto di vista tecnologico, i tre parametri fondamentali che sono stati osservati durante la progettazione  sono l’elevata resistenza sismica, la durabilità e la sostenibilità. A questo proposito, l’utilizzo del legno come materiale di costruzione per le strutture fuori terra è funzionale al rispetto di tutti e tre, trattandosi di un materiale resistente, durevole e soprattutto leggero – proprietà fondamentale per una struttura antisismica. Il sistema costruttivo è realizzato con pilastri e doppie travi in legno lamellare, su cui sono applicati gli impalcati calpestabili in pannelli in X-lam. In caso di evento sismico, la rigidità e l’isolamento acustico sono assicurati da una cappa di calcestruzzo gettata sopra i solai.

The wooden structural elements are produced in the factory by numerical cutting, which ensures a high level of precision and maximum production speed. X-lam slabs are composed of five layers of wood, with a total thickness of 200 mm, glued by a dry process. The structural elements are assembled on site, by means of concealed joints, screws and bolts.
Wood, although known as a combustible material, actually retains high fire resistance, being less vulnerable than steel or reinforced concrete. Wood structures rarely contribute to the spread of fire, rather suffering its consequences. In fact, wood burns slowly, from the outside in, while the part that has not yet been charred remains mechanically efficient until it shrinks to the point where it can no longer support loads. In light of this, and combined with the fact that the charring process depends on the original section of wood, verification of beam stability is done according to Eurocode 5 "Design of Timber Structures." Considering that wood burns at about 0.6 mm/min, if a beam is to meet fire resistance class R60, its structural thickness must be increased by about 36 mm.
UV rays and moisture are harmful to wood, as they transform one of its main components, lignin, into a water-soluble substance. Moisture also dilutes the lignin and causes the wood to graying and bacteria to grow. Therefore, to prevent the sun and moisture from penetrating the material, it is important to use physical filters that can block water and UV rays. Wood can also be preserved from the formation of mold, algae and the attack of xylophagous insects (i.e., those that feed on woody substances) by adding certain additives with specific active ingredients to the impregnating primer. In this project, products compatible with hospital spaces are used, as they are PMC certified. For the interiors, in particular, the finish used is a transparent water-based paint that is effective in inhibiting the proliferation of bacteria thanks to the activation of silver ions in combination with a washable film that is particularly resistant to the cleansing and application of disinfectants used in medical environments.

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